我已经使用 opendkim-genkey 生成了我的公钥和私钥：
opendkim-genkey -s mail -d example.com
它应该链接在 KeyTable 文件中：
/etc/opendkim$ cat KeyTable
mail._domainkey.example.com example.com:mail:/etc/opendkim/keys/example.com/mail.private
这些文件具有以下权限：
ls -l
total 8
-rw------- 1 opendkim opendkim 1675 May 14 00:40 mail.private
-rw------- 1 root root 499 May 14 00:40 mail.txt
并且DNS服务器中的注册与域名匹配：
dig mail._domainkey.example.com TXT
; <<>> DiG 9.10.3-P4-Debian <<>> mail._domainkey.example.com TXT
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51597
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mail._domainkey.example.com. IN TXT
;; ANSWER SECTION:
mail._domainkey.example.com. 3600 IN TXT "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEApcDLjZ2yF4U9uC0Ux1LX+E1q9Ci1NW7oppJFENtr7mCGBecSgITDJN+E4Tfrycv5pAXMy5Ogp+3f4rBkbY2TiG9klB7tmppA7a1noNWIoK66Y5x2IuT133FeBnMzbsqjOHmzM3BRaIG7DStSgQ7wVsm77jdu8A1xp5l2b1bRBnYjiXPzngnZgUe" "zLAjOx45hOvgduTjpRiSWIZwSaLdu5zWC1q3oZLudFR0ZNM28HNIqkMgkn7UN0ja7Ktda3m+NpGDCufrut4r8A+7tAoFg//2aSz2y9nhnv1wBW9CLJAwQhS5MMF5XX2V0YAsukQKqgEEKLVETCI+za1r+w0uA8wIDAQAB"
;; Query time: 77 msec
;; SERVER: 213.186.33.99#53(213.186.33.99)
;; WHEN: Tue May 22 16:40:38 CEST 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 494
但是如果我尝试使用[电子邮件保护]验证标志，失败：
----------------------------------------------------------
DKIM check details:
----------------------------------------------------------
Result: fail (signature doesn't verify)
ID(s) verified:
Canonicalized Headers:
date:Tue,'20'22'20'May'20'2018'20'16:16:55'20'+0200'0D''0A'
to:[email protected],'20'[email protected]'0D''0A'
subject:init'0D''0A'
from:[email protected]'0D''0A'
dkim-signature:v=1;'20'a=rsa-sha256;'20'c=relaxed/simple;'20'd=example.com;'20's=mail;'20't=1526998615;'20'bh=hOh3Yp1dLyZGJvK8/42zF1kV1HY5R05meILkgey8wiA=;'20'h
=Date:To:Subject:From:From;'20'b=
Canonicalized Body:
init'0D''0A'
DNS record(s):
mail._domainkey.example.com. 60 IN TXT "v=DKIM1; h=sha256; k=rsa; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEApcDLjZ2yF4U9uC0Ux1LX+E1q9Ci1NW7oppJFENtr7mCGBecS
gITDJN+E4Tfrycv5pAXMy5Ogp+3f4rBkbY2TiG9klB7tmppA7a1noNWIoK66Y5x2IuT133FeBnMzbsqjOHmzM3BRaIG7DStSgQ7wVsm77jdu8A1xp5l2b1bRBnYjiXPzngnZgUezLAjOx45hOvgduTjpRiSWIZwSaLdu5zWC
1q3oZLudFR0ZNM28HNIqkMgkn7UN0ja7Ktda3m+NpGDCufrut4r8A+7tAoFg//2aSz2y9nhnv1wBW9CLJAwQhS5MMF5XX2V0YAsukQKqgEEKLVETCI+za1r+w0uA8wIDAQAB"
您知道为什么会产生“失败（签名无法验证）”的错误吗？
-- 更新 1：
这是从我的 SMTP 发送的电子邮件示例：
From [email protected] Thu May 24 10:44:28 2018
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
X-Original-To: [email protected]
Delivered-To: [email protected]
Received: from example.com (localhost [127.0.0.1])
by example.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id AE1401FAD1;
Thu, 24 May 2018 10:44:28 +0200 (CEST)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=example.com;
s=mail; t=1527151468;
bh=hOh3Yp1dLyZGJvK8/42zF1kV1HY5R05meILkgey8wiA=;
h=Date:To:Subject:From:From;
b=RruMH7zhgZtAk+4eLx4SB0/rCBde+G43YPutbNq6UcIBg1R3lmyiF5biFPWz+Jb3q
9OR9GMeDn1IDne1m9A3NH+c8AdjWEI3OYRvFYo8Ps8bv+QJrQgPOvxTXPbNvJWh98r
wXS5DG6n9xBgd45gwHgX1r8X75ROJK5nXXGiUhIyy680INXewgFQ/P0zt4cK+d3hEp
KiY25cfaU56q/bYgk3BAFw0tN/BzX7J29bNFs3uOv7gPd/7eYHNJNMqPlk8KNniMd/
thiCAk9Q3qFkfY8ObznRTDyPO7m/iof3OQHMZHoXws1pksBEtJKs+la26aKEZr8PKs
0X5TiGP93kOaw==
Received: by example.com (Postfix, from userid 1001)
id 8F36D1FAD9; Thu, 24 May 2018 10:44:28 +0200 (CEST)
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/simple; d=example.com;
s=mail; t=1527151468;
bh=hOh3Yp1dLyZGJvK8/42zF1kV1HY5R05meILkgey8wiA=;
h=Date:To:Subject:From:From;
b=DvHuAbB+kAHVs9uJoG8ugYIyVcr455qupTuuNNu6kGlO30FwwA9FLlRaxG0Qms/mp
2CbdbiiLF4MJFlc9idYb49hUBbmb9usF1KNO0YjZgHCySBjOcdUf23fwQoXAmZbqpH
LrzpSlYAVDs+QCT4zGuSxgMbKCS9UeYvmtOS5QWAYhOLyStrsdZXbi8xirKqijQK33
L4pVFpvhM6tzGYvyXJ/4uysHtZ1zoFyUf2Ae6NZ+mVAK5Je370hF2c1KxEe995UMu1
XxSpAhOyjD7kPRm9fCfxbM1w6etPE9Io9M2ppjvLnovI1zj8b5UMP06GmsGS5zKqKY
f7mq5UA3Xzm7A==
Date: Thu, 24 May 2018 10:44:28 +0200
To: [email protected], [email protected]
Subject: init
User-Agent: s-nail v14.8.16
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
From: [email protected]
X-Virus-Scanned: ClamAV using ClamSMTP
Status: R
init
我不确定，但是这封电子邮件中是否缺少标题，例如“h”？
h=Date:To:Subject:From:From;
根据 rfc4871，这些是签名的标头，但看起来是空的。这是问题所在吗？
-- 更新 2：
添加我的master.cf：
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master" or
# on-line: http://www.postfix.org/master.5.html).
#
# Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file.
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (no) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
#submission inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
scan unix - - n - 16 smtp
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
127.0.0.1:10026 inet n - n - 16 smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks_style=host
-o smtpd_authorized_xforward_hosts=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_milters=inet:localhost:12301
谢谢。
答案1
问题似乎在于我两次调用 Opendkim：
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:12301
另外，只是为了有一天记住它：
content_filter = scan:[127.0.0.1]:10025
根据 @TorinCarey 的建议，我禁用了 non_smtpd_milter，并指定在使用 ClamAV 进行扫描后使用 Opendkim。现在，在我的 master.cf 中：
scan unix - - n - 16 smtp
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
127.0.0.1:10026 inet n - n - 16 smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o receive_override_options=no_unknown_recipient_checks,no_header_body_checks
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o mynetworks_style=host
-o smtpd_authorized_xforward_hosts=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_milters=inet:localhost:12301
其中 -o smtpd_milters=inet:localhost:12301 是 ClamAV 完成后使用的邮件过滤器。
感谢@TorinCarey 和@kubanczyk。