最近我在使用 Ubuntu 时遇到了一些音频问题（使用 precise），在尝试解决该问题的过程中，我运行了 dist-upgrade。一切都很顺利，声音听起来也不错，直到我自 dist-upgrade 以来第一次重新启动我的机器。
现在启动时我在 Grub 菜单中看到的只有memtest86+、另一个memtest变体和 Windows 7。它没有显示 Ubuntu 正在运行的任何 Linux 内核。
我附上我的bootinfoscript：
Boot Info Script 0.61.full + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info November 20th 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos6)/boot/grub on this drive.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Dell Utility: FAT16
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 7
Boot files:
sda4: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda5 starts
at sector 2048.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda6: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: Grub2 (v1.99-2.00)
Boot sector info: Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the boot sector of sda6
and looks at sector 220046240 of the same hard drive
for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos6)/boot/grub on this drive.
Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img
sda7: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: swap
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 63 273,104 273,042 de Dell Utility
/dev/sda2 * 274,432 19,406,847 19,132,416 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda3 19,406,848 218,274,364 198,867,517 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda4 218,275,838 625,139,711 406,863,874 f W95 Extended (LBA)
/dev/sda5 328,630,272 625,139,711 296,509,440 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda6 218,275,840 324,030,463 105,754,624 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 324,032,512 328,626,175 4,593,664 82 Linux swap / Solaris
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 07DA-0512 vfat DellUtility
/dev/sda2 8834146034145392 ntfs RECOVERY
/dev/sda3 48E2189DE21890F4 ntfs OS
/dev/sda5 BC2A44C02A447982 ntfs Varshneya
/dev/sda6 34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c ext4
/dev/sda7 dcb9ce9b-799a-4c65-b008-887b01775670 swap
/dev/sr0 iso9660 Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS i386
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime)
/dev/sda6 /mnt ext4 (rw)
/dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime)
=========================== sda6/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
set have_grubenv=true
load_env
fi
set default="0"
if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
save_env saved_entry
set prev_saved_entry=
save_env prev_saved_entry
set boot_once=true
fi
function savedefault {
if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
saved_entry="${chosen}"
save_env saved_entry
fi
}
function recordfail {
set recordfail=1
if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi
}
function load_video {
insmod vbe
insmod vga
insmod video_bochs
insmod video_cirrus
}
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos6)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c
if loadfont /boot/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
load_video
insmod gfxterm
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos6)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c
set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale
set lang=en_US
insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then
set timeout=-1
else
set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
set gfxpayload="${1}"
if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7
else
set vt_handoff=
fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=keep
fi
else
set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
if [ "${linux_gfx_mode}" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi
### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos6)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin
}
menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,msdos6)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c
linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os {
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='(hd0,msdos2)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8834146034145392
chainloader +1
}
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=============================== sda6/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier
# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name
# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/sda6 during installation
UUID=34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c / ext4 errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda7 during installation
UUID=dcb9ce9b-799a-4c65-b008-887b01775670 none swap sw 0 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sda6: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
104.851909637 = 112.583880704 boot/grub/core.img 1
121.191410065 = 130.128285696 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ========================
Unknown BootLoader on sda4
00000000 eb 0f 2a 5d f4 b7 75 f2 e9 56 12 b8 50 b4 79 ec |..*]..u..V..P.y.|
00000010 89 91 ca c3 16 40 31 d0 ae c4 53 3d c7 dd d7 98 |[email protected]=....|
00000020 bd a4 f2 a4 e8 ab fc ea 36 30 1b 34 cf 8a 28 30 |........60.4..(0|
00000030 43 95 6c 31 3e 76 93 58 84 37 99 c3 ae 3a 88 a3 |C.l1>v.X.7...:..|
00000040 c2 a6 36 2a f8 e0 e1 03 91 8d a1 50 cd ad b0 b5 |..6*.......P....|
00000050 ad 69 3a 49 63 1f 4a 33 97 6e 0c 71 bf 7d bd 35 |.i:Ic.J3.n.q.}.5|
00000060 86 c5 17 93 b4 9f e5 af e0 c4 6f f4 6f f9 4b dd |..........o.o.K.|
00000070 14 39 e2 9e b9 36 ca b1 56 5b d9 b1 66 2c 05 b2 |.9...6..V[..f,..|
00000080 5d 5b 99 c0 db e6 81 27 ab c2 e1 55 00 ac 0b 2c |][.....'...U...,|
00000090 24 d3 8e 54 b0 3d ab 58 e4 23 fc 3a 79 93 fb 5e |$..T.=.X.#.:y..^|
000000a0 94 5a 3a c2 16 4e 56 cb 1b 7f 7e b3 4c 38 ca 5b |.Z:..NV...~.L8.[|
000000b0 ca ab c1 2c 2a 64 e7 77 fe 2a ba ee 08 33 b5 9b |...,*d.w.*...3..|
000000c0 d0 c2 b4 a8 fc 73 4f 01 fd 03 61 75 eb 6d 1a 74 |.....sO...au.m.t|
000000d0 5f 79 31 7f ed e6 f5 99 21 36 16 ed 25 d9 6d 2b |_y1.....!6..%.m+|
000000e0 5f f4 42 b8 9d 01 89 10 fe df a4 98 e7 ab ab ea |_.B.............|
000000f0 1d 1c 44 e1 49 d9 19 c9 ab f5 41 eb 4a 32 c2 39 |..D.I.....A.J2.9|
00000100 87 57 f6 f6 f3 b5 4d 17 72 f2 b1 16 19 aa ec 24 |.W....M.r......$|
00000110 39 bd e3 b1 68 b3 b0 7f fa 2a 3a 2e 99 ed db 8a |9...h....*:.....|
00000120 f8 61 b4 ef 9d 7d 85 95 ed ad eb 9e 71 f4 27 d3 |.a...}......q.'.|
00000130 f3 04 8b 8a 69 98 02 72 df e1 f9 83 27 5b 01 4c |....i..r....'[.L|
00000140 d4 9a b9 3b db ca 1e 40 35 db 6f c1 52 c0 7f 27 |...;[email protected]..'|
00000150 8a 1d bc 34 89 24 b6 e3 fd ec a1 2a e5 9e d1 8f |...4.$.....*....|
00000160 77 e0 d5 52 c0 4c c4 38 38 3c 28 19 bf 20 f0 03 |w..R.L.88<(.. ..|
00000170 38 a4 b1 b5 ed 6a b8 f7 a9 7b 65 b1 7b 64 4a 33 |8....j...{e.{dJ3|
00000180 66 1a 60 29 38 1d 5b 52 40 31 de a5 0c 0f cc 6f |f.`)8.[[email protected]|
00000190 dd 31 6d 3d f0 2a 32 85 67 66 ca 4f 02 aa 0d 30 |.1m=.*2.gf.O...0|
000001a0 66 c9 b2 33 c2 4b 8a fa 3c 7b 52 02 00 88 8e cf |f..3.K..<{R.....|
000001b0 67 1e d4 20 49 1d 1a b8 71 ad c2 d4 37 9d 00 fe |g.. I...q...7...|
000001c0 ff ff 07 fe ff ff 02 e0 93 06 00 60 ac 11 00 fe |...........`....|
000001d0 ff ff 05 fe ff ff 01 00 00 00 01 b0 4d 06 00 00 |............M...|
000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
=================== log of boot-repair 2012-11-24__09h45 ===================
boot-repair version : 3.195~ppa2~precise
boot-sav version : 3.195~ppa2~precise
glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~precise
boot-sav-extra version : 3.195~ppa2~precise
boot-repair is executed in live-session (Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, precise, Ubuntu, i686)
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash --
=================== os-prober:
/dev/sda2:Windows 7 (loader):Windows:chain
/dev/sda6:Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (12.04):Ubuntu:linux
=================== blkid:
/dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" LABEL="DellUtility" UUID="07DA-0512" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="RECOVERY" UUID="8834146034145392" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="OS" UUID="48E2189DE21890F4" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: LABEL="Varshneya" UUID="BC2A44C02A447982" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda6: UUID="34731459-4b0f-46ac-a9bf-cb360a2c947c" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda7: UUID="dcb9ce9b-799a-4c65-b008-887b01775670" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS i386" TYPE="iso9660"
1 disks with OS, 2 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 1 Windows, 0 unknown type OS.
Windows not detected by os-prober on sda3.
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary.
DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently.
=================== /mnt/etc/default/grub :
# If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
# /boot/grub/grub.cfg.
# For full documentation of the options in this file, see:
# info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
# Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs
# This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains
# the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...)
#GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"
# Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
#GRUB_TERMINAL=console
# The resolution used on graphical terminal
# note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
# you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
#GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
# Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
#GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true
# Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries
#GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
# Uncomment to get a beep at grub start
#GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"
=================== /mnt/etc/grub.d/ :
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 22 16:15 grub.d
total 56
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6743 Sep 12 20:19 00_header
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5522 Sep 12 20:05 05_debian_theme
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7407 Sep 12 20:19 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6335 Sep 12 20:19 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1588 Sep 24 2010 20_memtest86+
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7603 Sep 12 20:19 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Sep 12 20:19 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 95 Sep 12 20:19 41_custom
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Sep 12 20:19 README
=================== No kernel in /mnt/boot:
grub
memtest86+.bin
memtest86+_multiboot.bin
=================== UEFI/Legacy mode:
This live-session is not EFI-compatible.
SecureBoot maybe enabled.
=================== PARTITIONS & DISKS:
sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, not-far, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1.
sda2 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, not-far, /mnt/boot-sav/sda2.
sda3 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, is-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3.
sda5 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, not--efi--part, part-has-no-fstab, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt/boot-sav/sda5.
sda6 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-pc, update-grub, 64, no-kernel, is-os, not--efi--part, fstab-without-boot, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot, apt-get, grub-install, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, not-sep-usr, standard, farbios, /mnt.
sda : not-GPT, BIOSboot-not-needed, has-no-EFIpart, not-usb, has-os, 63 sectors * 512 bytes
=================== parted -l:
Model: ATA ST9320423AS (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 320GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 140MB 140MB primary fat16 diag
2 141MB 9936MB 9796MB primary ntfs boot
3 9936MB 112GB 102GB primary ntfs
4 112GB 320GB 208GB extended lba
6 112GB 166GB 54.1GB logical ext4
7 166GB 168GB 2352MB logical linux-swap(v1)
5 168GB 320GB 152GB logical ntfs
Model: HL-DT-ST DVD+-RW GA31N (scsi)
Disk /dev/sr0: 4700MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 131kB 2916MB 2916MB primary boot, hidden
=================== parted -lm:
BYT;
/dev/sda:320GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:ATA ST9320423AS;
1:32.3kB:140MB:140MB:fat16::diag;
2:141MB:9936MB:9796MB:ntfs::boot;
3:9936MB:112GB:102GB:ntfs::;
4:112GB:320GB:208GB:::lba;
6:112GB:166GB:54.1GB:ext4::;
7:166GB:168GB:2352MB:linux-swap(v1)::;
5:168GB:320GB:152GB:ntfs::;
BYT;
/dev/sr0:4700MB:scsi:2048:2048:msdos:HL-DT-ST DVD+-RW GA31N;
1:131kB:2916MB:2916MB:::boot, hidden;
=================== mount:
/cow on / type overlayfs (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
/dev/sr0 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/ubuntu/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=ubuntu)
/dev/sda6 on /mnt type ext4 (rw)
/dev on /mnt/dev type none (rw,bind)
/proc on /mnt/proc type none (rw,bind)
/sys on /mnt/sys type none (rw,bind)
/usr on /mnt/usr type none (rw,bind)
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type vfat (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda2 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda5 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda5 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096)
=================== ls:
/sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sr0 (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/dev (filtered): autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri dvd dvdrw ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hidraw0 hpet input kmsg log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd sr0 stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom usbmon0 usbmon1 usbmon2 v4l vga_arbiter video0 zero
ls /dev/mapper: control
=================== df -Th:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/cow overlayfs 1.9G 113M 1.8G 6% /
udev devtmpfs 1.9G 12K 1.9G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 777M 872K 776M 1% /run
/dev/sr0 iso9660 696M 696M 0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0 squashfs 667M 667M 0 100% /rofs
tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 20K 1.9G 1% /tmp
none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
none tmpfs 1.9G 176K 1.9G 1% /run/shm
/dev/sda6 ext4 51G 27G 22G 56% /mnt
/dev/sda1 vfat 134M 9.1M 125M 7% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
/dev/sda2 fuseblk 9.2G 5.6G 3.6G 61% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sda3 fuseblk 95G 80G 16G 84% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
/dev/sda5 fuseblk 142G 130G 12G 92% /mnt/boot-sav/sda5
=================== fdisk -l:
Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb8000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 63 273104 136521 de Dell Utility
/dev/sda2 * 274432 19406847 9566208 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3 19406848 218274364 99433758+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda4 218275838 625139711 203431937 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5 328630272 625139711 148254720 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 218275840 324030463 52877312 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 324032512 328626175 2296832 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition table entries are not in disk order
=================== Repair blockers
64bits detected. Please use this software in a 64bits session. (Please use Ubuntu-Secure-Remix-64bits (www.sourceforge.net/p/ubuntu-secured) which contains a 64bits-compatible version of this software.) This will enable this feature.
=================== Final advice in case of recommended repair
The boot files of [Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)
=================== Default settings
Recommended-Repair
This setting would reinstall the grub2 of sda6 into the MBR of sda, using the following options: kernel-purge
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s fix-windows-boot
=================== Settings chosen by the user
Boot-Info
This setting will not act on the MBR.
No change has been performed on your computer. See you soon!
pastebinit packages needed
dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directory
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任何帮助都将非常有帮助，我真的很想念 Ubuntu（讨厌被困在 Windows 世界）。
编辑：刚刚通过 Live CD 检查了我的 /boot/ 文件夹，那里只有两个 .bin 文件，即 memtest 文件。这有关系吗？Linux 内核映像通常安装在哪里？
答案1
看看下面的链接。它们对我有帮助。也可以帮到你。
先安装 Win7，安装 Linux 后仍由 Win7 控制启动（http://thpc.info/dual/win7/dualboot_win7+ubuntu1210_bcd_on_win7.html）
或者
首先安装 Windows 7，然后 Windows 分区上的 Ubuntu GRUB2 控制启动 http://thpc.info/dual/win7/dualboot_win7+ubuntu1210_grub_mbr_on_win7.html
www linuxbsdos.com/2012/05/17/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-12-04-and-windows-7/comment-page-5/#comments