当将外部 USB 驱动程序插入 PC 时，我看到以下信息：
Error mounting: mount exited with exit code 1: helper failed with:
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
我尝试使用lsblk，在安装此驱动程序后，我收到以下警告：
nazar_art@nazar-desctop:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 149.1G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 148.1G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 1022M 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 1 3.8G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 3.8G 0 part /media/sdb1
sdd 8:48 1 7.2G 0 disk
└─sdd1 8:49 1 7.2G 0 part
nazar_art@nazar-desctop:~$ sudo mount /media/sdd
mount: can't find /media/sdd in /etc/fstab or /etc/mtab
它应该可以工作但是它却不行。
这是我的/etc/fstab：
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5f5d330f-d5f2-4157-9496-94f1dce2f181 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=84747ef4-6f50-49bc-9df1-fcba364ba299 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0
/dev/sdc1 /media/sdc1 vfat uid=1000,noauto,users,exec 0 0
/dev/sdd1 /media/sdd1 vfat uid=1000,noauto,users,exec 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /media/sdb1 vfat uid=1000,noauto,users,exec 0 0
以下是内容sudo fdisk -l：
nazar_art@nazar-desctop:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 160.0 GB, 160041885696 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19457 cylinders, total 312581808 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000e28b8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 310484991 155241472 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 310487038 312580095 1046529 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 310487040 312580095 1046528 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 4009 MB, 4009754624 bytes
16 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15296 cylinders, total 7831552 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd8e1f237
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 32 7831551 3915760 b W95 FAT32
Disk /dev/sdd: 7751 MB, 7751073792 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 942 cylinders, total 15138816 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 * 63 15138815 7569376+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
更新：
输出sudo blkid /dev/sdd1：
nazar_art@nazar-desctop:~$ sudo blkid /dev/sdd1
/dev/sdd1: UUID="E6C05CB9C05C9223" TYPE="ntfs"
问题：
- 为什么会发生这种情况（在 Windows 上这个 USB 运行正常）？
- 如何解决这个烦恼呢？
答案1
当 Linux 尝试挂载你的 USB 驱动器时，它会尝试以与 blkid 相同的方式猜测正确的文件系统（此例中为 NTFS），除非你告诉它使用特定的文件系统，如下所示/etc/fstab：
/dev/sdd1 /media/sdd1 vfat uid=1000,noauto,users,exec 0 0
注意第一列和第三列！
您可以使用 mount 命令手动解决此问题：
sudo mount -t auto /dev/sdd1 /media/sdd1
一种更简洁的方式是用设备 UUID¹、标签或 ID 替换所有实例/dev/sd*，因为后者对于每个设备或文件系统都是稳定的。前者按照 Linux 看到的顺序分配，这可能会发生变化，尤其是对于可移动媒体。
大多数情况下，您不想为可移动媒体分配固定的 fstab 条目，只想为计算机内的磁盘分配固定的 fstab 条目。
¹blkid或者palimpsest可以告诉你设备 UUID
请查看swap您或我的摘录中的一行/etc/fstab作为示例：
UUID=84747ef4-6f50-49bc-9df1-fcba364ba299 none swap sw 0 0
和
LABEL=root / ext4 errors=remount-ro,discard,noatime 0 1
LABEL=boot /boot ext4 defaults,discard,noatime 0 2
LABEL=usr /usr ext4 defaults,discard,noatime,data=writeback 0 2
LABEL=var /var ext4 defaults,user_xattr,data=writeback 0 2
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,size=8g,nodev,nosuid,mode=1777 0 0
LABEL=swap1 none swap sw,discard,pri=100 0 0
UUID=d7662fe5-04fc-4b4b-a6e0-4d34637d56d3 /home btrfs defaults,compress=lzo,space_cache,inode_cache,noatime 0 2
LABEL=scratch /mnt/scratch ext4 rw,discard,noatime,data=writeback,user_xattr 0 2
# Windows partitions
LABEL=Windows7 /mnt/win7 ntfs defaults,ro,nobootwait,noauto,noatime,nls=utf8,norecover,windows_names 0 0
LABEL=Windata /mnt/windata ntfs defaults,ro,nobootwait,noauto,noatime,nls=utf8,norecover,windows_names 0 0
# dm-crypt partitions
UUID=82bf1677-acbf-41dd-814e-08652b2d325b /home/david/media crypto_LUKS.ext4 defaults,nobootwait,noauto,nosuid,nodev,noatime,data=writeback 0 0
UUID=d4f9d97c-0dd9-4ac8-959f-92818848505b /mnt/winmedia crypto_LUKS.ntfs defaults,ro,nobootwait,noauto,noatime,nls=utf8,norecover,windows_names 0 0