我使用的是 Ubuntu 14.10 (Ubuntu MATE)，我的更新管理器显示可以升级到 15.04。所以我选择确定，然后开始升级。这花了很多时间，但之后一切都完成了，我必须重新启动系统。
但现在一切都一样了。没有任何变化。我用 检查了内核uname -a，但我认为它是旧的 14.10 内核：
Linux i3 3.16.0-38-generic #52-Ubuntu SMP Thu May 7 10:51:21 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我也启动了更新管理器sudo apt-get dist-upgrade，但没有新的更新。有什么不对劲吗？有什么想法吗？
编辑：也许这个输出可以帮助分析：
dpkg -l | grep -Ei "linux-headers|linux-image"
rc linux-image-3.16.0-23-generic 3.16.0-23.31 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-33-generic 3.16.0-33.44 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-34-generic 3.16.0-34.47 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic 3.19.0-18.18 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-23-generic 3.16.0-23.31 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-33-generic 3.16.0-33.44 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-34-generic 3.16.0-34.47 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.16.0-36-generic 3.16.0-36.48 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-extra-3.16.0-38-generic 3.16.0-38.52 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.16.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic 3.19.0-18.18 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.19.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
我看到了 3.19 - 但不知何故，启动时我的系统仍在使用 3.16，为什么？
编辑2：
sudo apt update
Ign http://archive.canonical.com vivid InRelease
Ign http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com vivid Release.gpg
Ign http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com vivid Release
Ign http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com vivid/partner amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.canonical.com vivid/partner i386 Packages
Get:1 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates Release.gpg [933 B]
Hit http://archive.canonical.com vivid/partner Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports Release.gpg
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security InRelease
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid Release
Get:2 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates Release [63,5 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security Release.gpg
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports Release
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/main Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/restricted Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/universe Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security Release
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/multiverse Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/main Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/main i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/universe Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid/universe Translation-en
Get:3 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/main Sources [32,4 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/multiverse Sources
Get:4 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/restricted Sources [28 B]
Get:5 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/universe Sources [12,6 kB]
Get:6 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/multiverse Sources [1.957 B]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/main amd64 Packages
Get:7 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/main amd64 Packages [75,1 kB]
Get:8 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/restricted amd64 Packages [28 B]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/restricted amd64 Packages
Get:9 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/universe amd64 Packages [40,4 kB]
Get:10 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [3.494 B]
Get:11 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/main i386 Packages [74,7 kB]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/universe amd64 Packages
Get:12 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/restricted i386 Packages [28 B]
Get:13 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/universe i386 Packages [40,3 kB]
Get:14 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/multiverse i386 Packages [3.680 B]
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/main Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/restricted Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/universe Sources
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/multiverse Sources
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/restricted amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/universe amd64 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/multiverse amd64 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/main i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://de.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-backports/universe Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com vivid-security/universe Translation-en
Fetched 349 kB in 5s (66,5 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
编辑3：
lsb_release -c
Codename: vivid
如果内核都不正确，为什么它会生动呢？
编辑4：
好的，sudo apt-get install linux-generic问题解决了。之后我重新启动，现在我有了当前(?)内核：
uname -a
Linux i3 3.19.0-18-generic #18-Ubuntu SMP Tue May 19 18:31:35 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
我仍然不明白为什么我的系统在升级到 15.04 后使用旧内核（也许有人可以解释一下？）但我希望现在一切都很好。谢谢帮助！
全力输出
sudo apt-get install linux-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
linux-headers-3.19.0-18 linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic
linux-headers-generic linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic linux-image-generic thermald
Suggested packages:
fdutils linux-doc-3.19.0 linux-source-3.19.0 linux-tools
The following NEW packages will be installed:
linux-generic linux-headers-3.19.0-18 linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic
linux-headers-generic linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic
linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic linux-image-generic thermald
0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 65,5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 290 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic amd64 3.19.0-18.18 [16,8 MB]
Get:2 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic amd64 3.19.0-18.18 [38,4 MB]
Get:3 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-image-generic amd64 3.19.0.18.17 [2.448 B]
Get:4 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-headers-3.19.0-18 all 3.19.0-18.18 [9.323 kB]
Get:5 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic amd64 3.19.0-18.18 [752 kB]
Get:6 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-headers-generic amd64 3.19.0.18.17 [2.418 B]
Get:7 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid-updates/main linux-generic amd64 3.19.0.18.17 [1.848 B]
Get:8 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid/main thermald amd64 1.3-9 [184 kB]
Fetched 65,5 MB in 12s (5.254 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic.
(Reading database ... 151653 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic_3.19.0-18.18_amd64.deb ...
Done.
Unpacking linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic_3.19.0-18.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-generic_3.19.0.18.17_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-image-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.19.0-18.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-3.19.0-18_3.19.0-18.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-3.19.0-18 (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic_3.19.0-18.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-headers-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-headers-generic_3.19.0.18.17_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-headers-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Selecting previously unselected package linux-generic.
Preparing to unpack .../linux-generic_3.19.0.18.17_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking linux-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Selecting previously unselected package thermald.
Preparing to unpack .../thermald_1.3-9_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking thermald (1.3-9) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
Processing triggers for systemd (219-7ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.8.12-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ...
Setting up linux-image-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-18-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-38-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
Setting up linux-image-extra-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-18-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-38-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-38-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done
Setting up linux-image-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.19.0-18 (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Setting up linux-headers-3.19.0-18-generic (3.19.0-18.18) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/header_postinst.d/dkms 3.19.0-18-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-18-generic
Setting up linux-headers-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Setting up linux-generic (3.19.0.18.17) ...
Setting up thermald (1.3-9) ...
invoke-rc.d: Unit thermald.service is masked
也许只是 grub 没有更新，这是唯一的问题
答案1
由于某种原因，内核 3.19 未安装。运行
sudo apt-get install linux-generic
并且它将被修复。
答案2
如果你的版本升级中断，请尝试
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get -f install
如果仍然受阻，请尝试
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh
如果所有这些都没有结果，则意味着发布升级没有发生。要正确启动它：
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt update
sudo do-release-upgrade
（apt-get dist-upgrade只会导致包含依赖项的软件包升级，而不是版本升级。从 14.04 开始，您可以使用不太令人困惑的sudo apt 完全升级用于有依赖项的升级）