我长期以来一直在与 Mono（版本：6.12.0.122）相关的依赖问题苦苦挣扎，这使得我无法执行系统升级（Pop!_OS，基于 Ubuntu）和安装/删除软件包。问题是我什至无法删除或重新安装 Mono 软件包。无论我做什么（并且我经历了很多线程和“解决方案”），我都不能......
- 执行从 Pop!_OS 21.10 到 22.04 的系统升级
- 更新 Pop!_Shop
- （卸载）使用 apt-get 安装任何软件包（包括 Mono！）
正在尝试更新 Pop！购买或执行较小的系统升级（升级包）会导致弹出窗口显示此内容（翻译自德语）：
Error while installing package: Attempt to overwrite »/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll«, which is also included in package libmono-corlib4.5-cil 6.12.0.122-0xamarin1+ubuntu2004b1
sudo apt --fix-broken install例如在最后打印出来（翻译自德语；原始错误消息：https://paste.myst.rs/joogjhfc）：
Unpacking libmono-corlib4.5-dll (6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2) ...
dpkg: Error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libmono-corlib4
.5-dll_6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2_all.deb (--unpack):
Attempt to overwrite »/usr/lib/mono/4.5/mscorlib.dll« , which is also included in package libmono-corlib4.5-cil 6.12.0.122-0xamarin1+ubuntu2004b1
dpkg-deb: Error: "insert" subprocess was killed by signal (broken pipe)
Errors occurred while editing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libmono-corlib4.5-dll_6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
sudo apt remove mono-runtime不成功，因为许多子包依赖于它并且操作失败（翻译自德语；原始错误消息：https://paste.myst.rs/msqb6tm3）：
Try "apt --fix-broken install" to fix this.
The following packages have unfulfilled dependencies:
ca-certificates-mono : Depends on: mono-runtime (>= 3.0~) but should not be installed.
libmono-corlib4.5-cil : depends on: mono-runtime (>= 6.12.0.122) but should not be installed
Depends on: mono-runtime (< 6.12.0.123) but should not be installed
Recommends: libmono-i18n-west4.0-cil but should not be installed
libmono-http4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-i18n-mideast4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-i18n4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but should not be installed
libmono-i18n-other4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-i18n4.0-cil (>= 4.0.0~alpha1) but should not be installed
libmono-microsoft-web-infrastructure1.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-posix4.0-cil : Depends on: mono-runtime (>= 2.10.1) but should not be installed
libmono-security4.0-cil : depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
Recommends: ca-certificates-mono (= 6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2) but 6.12.0.122-0xamarin1+ubuntu2004b1 should be installed
libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
libmono-system-core4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
libmono-system-design4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3), but should not be installed.
depends on: libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but should not be installed
libmono-system-drawing-design4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but should not be installed
libmono-system-messaging4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but should not be installed
libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
libmono-system-reactive-windows-forms2.2-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but should not be installed
libmono-system-runtime4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-security4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
libmono-system-servicemodel4.0a-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-serviceprocess4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-windows-forms4.0-cil (>= 1.0) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-abstractions4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-dynamicdata4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-extensions4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-http-webhost4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-routing4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-web-services4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-system-web4.0-cil (>= 2.10.3) but should not be installed
libmono-system-xml4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed
libmono-system4.0-cil : Depends on: libmono-corlib4.5-dll (>= 5.18.0.240) but should not be installed.
Recommends: ca-certificates-mono (= 6.8.0.105+dfsg-3.2) but 6.12.0.122-0xamarin1+ubuntu2004b1 should be installed
libmono-windowsbase4.0-cil : depends on: mono-runtime (>= 2.10.1) but should not be installed
mono-csharp-shell : Depends on: mono-runtime (>= 3.0~) but should not be installed
mono-mcs : Depends on: mono-runtime (>= 3.0~) but should not be installed
mono-xbuild : depends on: mono-runtime (>= 3.0~) but should not be installed
E: Unfulfilled dependencies. Try "apt --fix-broken install" without specifying a package (or specify a solution).
执行后sudo dpkg --configure -a，还有一长串依赖项错误消息，最后，它表示尝试编辑以下包时出现错误：
libmono-security4.0-cil
libmono-system4.0-cil
libmono-system-numerics4.0-cil
libmono-system-core4.0-cil
libmono-system-security4.0-cil
libmono-system-xml4.0-cil
libmono-system-configuration4.0-cil
还有其他略有不同的输出，但它们本质上都是相同的，以及许多其他绝望的尝试、命令和据称解决这个问题的方法，但都以失败告终。
我该如何应对这种情况？我的目标是能够将我的系统更新到 22.04，按照我的意愿安装和删除软件包。
答案1
dpkg --list | grep mono | awk '{ print $2 }' | xargs sudo dpkg --force-all -P
apt --fix-broken install
这对我有用