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在球体表面绘制圆弧

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf asymptote
在球体表面绘制圆弧

我想在球体表面绘制圆弧，以模拟原子与分子中的探针原子相交的情况。我附上了一个我想用 tikz 或渐近线绘制的示例图像。

原子与探针原子相交

交叉口的圆弧

非常感谢您的帮助。

答案1

以下代码使用该contour模块计算参数化表面与隐式定义表面的交点。它不能完全解决您的问题，因为在 Asymptote 中将一个半透明表面绘制在另一个半透明表面前面可能很棘手；但这只是一个开始，它至少或多或少回答了名义上的问题。

settings.outformat="png";
settings.render=4;
size(10cm);

import graph3;
import contour;

currentlight.background = black;
currentprojection = orthographic(5, 2, 4);

// Some aliases that make the contour module a bit easier to use.
typedef path[] disconnected_path;
typedef guide[] disconnected_guide;
typedef path3[] disconnected_path3;

real fuzz = .001;


real umax(surface s, real fuzz=fuzz) {
    if (s.ucyclic()) return s.index.length;
    else return s.index.length - fuzz;
}
real vmax(surface s, real fuzz=fuzz) {
    if (s.vcyclic()) return s.index[0].length;
    return s.index[0].length - fuzz;
}

int nu = 8, nv = 8;
path3 semicircle = Arc(c=O, -Z, Z, normal=X, n=nu);
surface myUnitsphere = surface(semicircle, c=O, axis=Z, n=nv);

surface sphere(triple c, real r) {
    surface toReturn = shift(c)*scale3(r)*myUnitsphere;
    return toReturn;
}
// Make the type function3 an alias f0r the type real(triple), i.e., a function3 is a function from triples to reals.
typedef real function3(triple);

// Make the type function2 an alias f0r the type real(real,real), i.e., a function2 is a function from (real, real) to reals.
typedef real function2(real, real);

// Returns the restriction of f to the surface s, given by its built-in parametrization.
function2 pullback(function3 f, surface s) {
    return new real(real u, real v) {
        return f(s.point(u,v));
    };
}

/*
 * Parameters: an implicit surface {f = 0} and a parametrized surface s.
 * Returns a possibly disconnected path, in the coordinates of the parametric surface s, that describes 
 * the intersection of the two surfaces.
 */
disconnected_path parametrized_intersection(function3 f, surface s, pair smin = (0,0), pair smax = (umax(s), vmax(s))) {
    disconnected_guide toReturn = contour(pullback(f, s), smin, smax, new real[] {0})[0];
    return toReturn;
}

path3 on_surface(path p, surface s) {
    int size = length(p);
    triple[] points = new triple[size];
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        pair pathpoint = point(p,i);
        points[i] = s.point(pathpoint.x, pathpoint.y);
    }
    path3 toReturn = operator..(...points);
    if (cyclic(p)) {
        toReturn = toReturn & cycle;
    }
    return toReturn;
}

disconnected_path3 on_surface(disconnected_path p, surface s) {
    disconnected_path3 toReturn;
    for (path segment : p) {
        toReturn.push(on_surface(segment, s));
    }
    return toReturn;
}

function3 implicit_sphere(triple c, real r) {
    return new real(triple p) {
        return length(p - c)^2 - r^2;
    };
}

/********************************/

surface mySphere = sphere(c=O, r=1);

draw(mySphere, surfacepen=material(diffusepen=gray(0.1), emissivepen=gray(0.9)));

triple c = 1.5Y;
real r = 0.8;
surface s = sphere(c=c, r=r);
function3 s_implicit = implicit_sphere(c=c, r=r);

disconnected_path param_circle = parametrized_intersection(s_implicit, mySphere);
disconnected_path3 circle = on_surface(param_circle, mySphere);

draw(s, surfacepen=material(diffusepen=0.5*blue + opacity(0.5), emissivepen=0.5*white));
draw(circle, blue);

c = 1.4X;
r = 0.5;
s = sphere(c=c, r=r);
s_implicit = implicit_sphere(c=c, r=r);

param_circle = parametrized_intersection(s_implicit, mySphere);
circle = on_surface(param_circle, mySphere);

draw(s, surfacepen=material(diffusepen=0.5*blue + opacity(0.5), emissivepen=0.5*white));
draw(circle, blue);

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

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