内部分离来拉直图表吗？

Question

我正在尝试使用 tikz 排版直图。当节点大小不同时，图表会变得“不稳定”：

可以通过强制所有节点的大小相同minimum width并调整 来纠正此问题column sep。这样我们就得到了一个直线图

但是，现在箭头太短了。我以为可以通过设置来解决这个问题inner sep（这似乎解决了我之前的问题），但我似乎无法让它工作。我该如何让箭头更长，以便它们到达节点的内容？

请参阅下面的 MWE。

---

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows}

\begin{document}
\[
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, row sep=3em, column sep=2.5em, text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex]
            {
            & A && B & \\
            extremely long node && D && E \\
            F && G && H \\
            };
        \path[->,line width=.5pt, font=\scriptsize]
            (m-2-1) edge (m-1-2)
            (m-1-2) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-1-4)
            (m-1-4) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-2-1) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-3-3)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-3-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-2-1)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-3-5) edge (m-2-5)
            ;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\]
Correcting by setting \verb+minimum width = 7em, column sep = -3.5em+
\[
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, row sep=3em, column sep=-3.5em, text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex, minimum width=7.5em, inner sep=3pt]
            {
            & A && B & \\
            extremely long node && D && E \\
            F && G && H \\
            };
        \path[->,line width=.5pt, font=\scriptsize]
            (m-2-1) edge (m-1-2)
            (m-1-2) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-1-4)
            (m-1-4) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-2-1) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-3-3)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-3-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-2-1)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-3-5) edge (m-2-5)
            ;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\]
Now the arrows are short, even when trying to set \verb+inner sep = 3pt+
\end{document}

Answer 1

默认情况下，column sep和row sep固定between borders相邻节点的距离，但您可以使用 更改此行为between origins。这样，相邻节点之间的距离的测量与它们的大小无关。

重要提示：和column sep={3.5em,between origins}之间不要有空格。,between

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows}

\begin{document}
\[
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, row sep=3em, column sep={3.5em,between origins}, text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex]
            {
            & A && B & \\
            \text{extremely long node} && D && E \\
            F && G && H \\
            };
        \path[->,line width=.5pt, font=\scriptsize]
            (m-2-1) edge (m-1-2)
            (m-1-2) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-1-4)
            (m-1-4) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-2-1) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-3-3)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-3-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-2-1)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-3-5) edge (m-2-5)
            ;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\]
\end{document}

Answer 2

只需对有问题的列的分隔进行一些调整，即可实现所需的目的。在这里，我添加了-4em第一列和第二列之间的分隔：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows}

\begin{document}
\[
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, row sep=3em, column sep=3.5em, 
                     text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex]
               {
            &[-4em] A && B & \\
            extremely long node && D && E \\
            F && G && H \\
            };
        \path[->,line width=.5pt, font=\scriptsize]
            (m-2-1) edge (m-1-2)
            (m-1-2) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-1-4)
            (m-1-4) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-2-1) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-3-3)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-3-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-2-1)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-3-5) edge (m-2-5)
            ;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\]
\end{document}

更新：

更系统的方法：

• 使用\clapfrom 包mathtools使长标签宽度为零
• 使用calctikz 库将长标签节点到 D 的箭头缩短，通过($(m-2-1)+(5em,0)$) edge (m-2-3)

以下是代码（请注意，我还将箭头的起点从长标签节点稍微提升到了 A）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows,calc}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\[
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes, row sep=3em, column sep=3.5em, text height=1.5ex, text depth=0.25ex,
matrix anchor=m-3-1.north
]
               {
            & A && B & \\
            \clap{extremely long node} & & D && E \\
            F && G && H \\
            };
        \path[->,line width=.5pt, font=\scriptsize]
            ($(m-2-1)+(0,.7em)$) edge (m-1-2)
            (m-1-2) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-1-4)
            (m-1-4) edge (m-2-5)
            ($(m-2-1)+(5em,0)$) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-2-3) edge (m-2-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-3-3)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-3-5)
            (m-3-1) edge (m-2-1)
            (m-3-3) edge (m-2-3)
            (m-3-5) edge (m-2-5)
            ;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\]
\end{document}