答案1
您可以添加更多对齐:
\documentclass[preview]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathdots}
\begin{document}
$$\Delta(\left|v_{i}\right>)=
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & \ldots & 0 & 0 & \ldots & 0 & d_{i,L} & * & \ldots & *\\
0 & \ldots & 0 & 0 & \ldots & d_{i,L-1} & * & * & \ldots & *\\
\vdots & \iddots & \vdots & \vdots & \iddots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \iddots & \vdots\\
0 & \ldots & 0 & d_{i,2} & \ldots & * & * & * & \ldots & *\\
0 & \ldots & d_{i,1} & * & \ldots & * & * & * & \ldots & *\\
\end{bmatrix}
$$
\end{document}