获取一个字符串并将其放在行首，直到找到下一个字符串

Question 1

这是一种方法：

sed '/,/!{                       # if there's no comma on this line
y/ /,/                           # translate spaces to commas
h                                # copy pattern space over the hold buffer
d                                # delete pattern space
}
//{                              # if the line contains commas
G                                # append hold space content to pattern space
s/\(.*\)\n,[^,]*,\(.*\)/\2,\1/   # swap lines removing newline, the day part and
}                                # first two commas and adding a comma after year
' infile

如果您更喜欢gnu sed单行：

sed -E '/,/!{y/ /,/;h;d};//{G;s/(.*)\n,[^,]*,(.*)/\2,\1/}' infile

它类似于awk：
如果该行不包含逗号，您可以通过格式化日期sprintf，将结果保存到变量中，例如dt，然后去next记录。否则只需添加dt到$0（即当前行）：

awk '!/,/{dt=sprintf("%s,%s,%s,", $2, $3, $4);next};$0=dt$0' infile

Answer

这是一种方法：

sed '/,/!{                       # if there's no comma on this line
y/ /,/                           # translate spaces to commas
h                                # copy pattern space over the hold buffer
d                                # delete pattern space
}
//{                              # if the line contains commas
G                                # append hold space content to pattern space
s/\(.*\)\n,[^,]*,\(.*\)/\2,\1/   # swap lines removing newline, the day part and
}                                # first two commas and adding a comma after year
' infile

如果您更喜欢gnu sed单行：

sed -E '/,/!{y/ /,/;h;d};//{G;s/(.*)\n,[^,]*,(.*)/\2,\1/}' infile

它类似于awk：
如果该行不包含逗号，您可以通过格式化日期sprintf，将结果保存到变量中，例如dt，然后去next记录。否则只需添加dt到$0（即当前行）：

awk '!/,/{dt=sprintf("%s,%s,%s,", $2, $3, $4);next};$0=dt$0' infile

Question 2

awk -F, -v OFS=, '/^[[:blank:]]+/ {
                      str=gensub(/ /,",","g",$0);
                      sub(/^,+[^,]+,/,"",str);
                      next
                  };

                  !/^[[:blank:]]+/ {print str,$0}' nick.txt

（当然，这可以全部写在一行上。我将其编写为一行并进行了测试，然后添加了换行符和缩进以使其在此处更具可读性）

对于以一个或空白字符（即空格或制表符）开头的行，此awk脚本将所有空格转换为逗号，将修改后的行保存在名为的变量中str，然后删除初始逗号以及所有文本（包括该行）下一个逗号。

对于不以空白字符开头的行，它会打印以当前值为前缀的行str。

警告：如果有任何 CSV 数据行前第一个日期行，这些行将仅以单个逗号作为前缀打印。

输出：

Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,0,0
Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,2,275
Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,3,287
Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,0,327
Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,3,335
Aug,18,2015,0,0,0,0,413
Aug,19,2015,0,0,0,0,0
Aug,19,2015,0,0,0,2,275
Aug,19,2015,0,0,0,3,287
Aug,19,2015,0,0,0,2,308
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,0,0
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,2,458
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,3,469
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,0,472
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,3,503
Aug,20,2015,0,0,0,2,534

Answer

awk -F, -v OFS=, '/^[[:blank:]]+/ {
                      str=gensub(/ /,",","g",$0);
                      sub(/^,+[^,]+,/,"",str);
                      next
                  };

                  !/^[[:blank:]]+/ {print str,$0}' nick.txt