我的 Ubuntu 14.04 设置似乎完全搞砸了，以至于我无法再使用 apt-get install 成功安装任何软件包。常见错误是“没有名为 debian.deb822 的模块”。下面是一个例子。请注意，我的目标不一定是安装这个特定的包；只是为了能够安装任何软件包。任何帮助都将不胜感激！
box:~/python> sudo apt-get install update-notifier
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
apturl is already the newest version.
apturl-common is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 394 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Setting up update-notifier-common (0.154.1ubuntu1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloader", line 26, in <module>
import debian.deb822
ImportError: No module named debian.deb822
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-notifier:
update-notifier depends on update-notifier-common (= 0.154.1ubuntu1); however:
Package update-notifier-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-manager:
update-manager depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-manager (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk:
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-desktop:
ubuntu-desktop depends on ubuntu-releasNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
e-upgrader-gtk; however:
Package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-desktop (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
update-notifier-common
update-notifier
update-manager
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
ubuntu-desktop
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑 1：运行“sudo apt-get update”和“sudo apt-get upgrade”后，输出略有不同，但抛出相同的错误：
box:~> sudo apt-get upgrade update-notifier
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
update-notifier is already the newest version.
The following packages have been kept back:
libreoffice libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-base-drivers
libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw
libreoffice-gnome libreoffice-gtk libreoffice-gtk3 libreoffice-help-en-us
libreoffice-impress libreoffice-math libreoffice-style-galaxy
libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-tango libreoffice-writer
linux-generic linux-generic-lts-vivid linux-headers-generic
linux-headers-generic-lts-vivid linux-image-generic
linux-image-generic-lts-vivid linux-signed-generic-lts-vivid
linux-signed-image-generic-lts-vivid linux-tools-virtual-lts-wily
openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless python3-uno shim-signed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 32 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Setting up update-notifier-common (0.154.1ubuntu1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloader", line 26, in <module>
import debian.deb822
ImportError: No module named debian.deb822
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-notifier:
update-notifier depends on update-notifier-common (= 0.154.1ubuntu1); however:
Package update-notifier-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-manager:
update-manager depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-manager (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk:
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-desktop:
ubuntu-desktop depends on ubuntu-releasNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
e-upgrader-gtk; however:
Package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-desktop (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
编辑 2：运行@Raphael 建议的修复后，输出有所改变，但问题仍然存在：
box:~/Downloads> sudo apt-get install update-notifier
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
update-notifier is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libreoffice-gtk3 linux-headers-3.13.0-77 linux-headers-3.13.0-77-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-77-generic linux-image-extra-3.13.0-77-generic
linux-lts-wily-tools-4.2.0-27 linux-tools-4.2.0-27-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
5 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Setting up update-notifier-common (0.154.1ubuntu1) ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/update-notifier/package-data-downloader", line 26, in <module>
import debian.deb822
ImportError: No module named debian.deb822
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-notifier:
update-notifier depends on update-notifier-common (= 0.154.1ubuntu1); however:
Package update-notifier-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-notifier (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of update-manager:
update-manager depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package update-manager (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk:
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ubuntu-desktop:
ubuntu-desktop depends on ubuntu-releasNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
e-upgrader-gtk; however:
Package ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-manager; however:
Package update-manager is not configured yet.
ubuntu-desktop depends on update-notifier; however:
Package update-notifier is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing package ubuntu-desktop (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
update-notifier-common
update-notifier
update-manager
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk
ubuntu-desktop
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
答案1
从Ubuntu论坛：
这是由于包裹不可用python-six。
要安装它，请执行以下操作：
sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --reinstall python-six
编辑1:-
由于apt-get install似乎不起作用，您可以使用以下方法手动安装它：
cd ~/Downloads; wget -c http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/s/six/python-six_1.10.0-3_all.deb; sudo dpkg -i python-six_1.10.0-3_all.deb
编辑2:-
从Debian：
单个或多个 RFC822 样式段落的控制文件，例如 debian/control、.changes、.dsc、Packages、Sources、Release 等（debian.deb822 模块）
因此，您可能需要该包。要安装：
cd ~/Downloads; wget -c http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/p/python-debian/python-debian_0.1.28_all.deb; sudo dpkg -i python-six_1.10.0-3_all.deb
答案2
问题原来是 Python 的“deb822”和“apt”相关软件包已安装，但位置不对。我 (1) 使用 确定了这些软件包的位置locate deb822，(2) 使用以下方法确定了它们“应该”存放的位置：
python
import numpy
print numpy
然后（3）通过以下方式将文件复制到适当的目录中：
sudo cp -r /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/apt* /appropriate_directory/python2.7/site-packages/
sudo cp -r /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/deb* /appropriate_directory/python2.7/site-packages/
此后，sudo apt-get install X似乎工作正常。
答案3
您有 394 个包尚未更新。这很可能是导致依赖性问题的原因。运行
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade