我尝试将 Ubuntu 18.4 升级到 18.10。最后，它告诉我无法继续，因为我的磁盘空间不足/boot，因此它只进行了部分更新。我重新启动系统，然后出现了 18.10，但告诉我这只是部分升级，因为磁盘空间不足/boot。
我尝试释放磁盘空间并出现此错误：
apt autoremove
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?
尝试了很多方法，但都无济于事，例如，尝试终止该进程，但每次我终止它时，进程号都会不断变化并重新出现。
df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 3.5M 3.2G 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root ext4 886G 646G 195G 77% /
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 28M 16G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 ext2 236M 220M 4.2M 99% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 16K 3.2G 1% /run/user/124
tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 36K 3.2G 1% /run/user/1000
dpkg -l linux-*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=============================================-===========================-===========================-===============================================================================================
ii linux-base 4.5ubuntu1 all Linux image base package
un linux-doc-3.11.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-doc-3.13.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-doc-4.15.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-doc-4.4.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-firmware 1.175 all Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
un linux-firmware-snapdragon <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-generic 4.15.0.39.41 amd64 Complete Generic Linux kernel and headers
un linux-headers <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-3.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-3.11.0-19-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-3.11.0-20-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-3.11.0-22-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-3.13.0-93-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-headers-4.15.0-39 4.15.0-39.42 all Header files related to Linux kernel version 4.15.0
ii linux-headers-4.15.0-39-generic 4.15.0-39.42 amd64 Linux kernel headers for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
un linux-headers-4.4.0-34-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-38-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-42-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-47-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-51-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-62-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-63-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-64-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-66-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-4.4.0-71-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-686-pae <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-headers-amd64 <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-headers-generic 4.15.0.39.41 amd64 Generic Linux kernel headers
un linux-image <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-image-3.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
rc linux-image-3.11.0-19-generic 3.11.0-19.33 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.11.0-20-generic 3.11.0-20.35 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.11.0-22-generic 3.11.0-22.38 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-3.13.0-93-generic 3.13.0-93.140 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-4.15.0-39-generic 4.15.0-39.42 amd64 Signed kernel image generic
rc linux-image-4.4.0-34-generic 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-42-generic 4.4.0-42.62 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-47-generic 4.4.0-47.68 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-51-generic 4.4.0-51.72 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-62-generic 4.4.0-62.83 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-63-generic 4.4.0-63.84 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-64-generic 4.4.0-64.85 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-66-generic 4.4.0-66.87 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-4.4.0-71-generic 4.4.0-71.92 amd64 Linux kernel image for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
un linux-image-4.4.0-79-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-image-4.4.0-91-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-19-generic 3.11.0-19.33 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-20-generic 3.11.0-20.35 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.11.0-22-generic 3.11.0-22.38 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.11.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-3.13.0-93-generic 3.13.0-93.140 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 3.13.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-34-generic 4.4.0-34.53 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-38-generic 4.4.0-38.57 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-42-generic 4.4.0-42.62 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-47-generic 4.4.0-47.68 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-51-generic 4.4.0-51.72 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-62-generic 4.4.0-62.83 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-63-generic 4.4.0-63.84 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-64-generic 4.4.0-64.85 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-66-generic 4.4.0-66.87 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-71-generic 4.4.0-71.92 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-79-generic 4.4.0-79.100 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
rc linux-image-extra-4.4.0-91-generic 4.4.0-91.114 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.4.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-generic 4.15.0.39.41 amd64 Generic Linux kernel image
un linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0-39-generic <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-initramfs-tool <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-kernel-log-daemon <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-modules-4.15.0-39-generic 4.15.0-39.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-39-generic 4.15.0-39.42 amd64 Linux kernel extra modules for version 4.15.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
un linux-restricted-common <none> <none> (no description available)
ii linux-sound-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5 all base package for ALSA and OSS sound systems
un linux-source-3.11.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-source-3.13.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-source-4.15.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-source-4.4.0 <none> <none> (no description available)
un linux-tools <none> <none> (no description available)
即使我尝试手动删除，它也不起作用：
apt-get purge linux-image-3.11.0-19-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-3.11.0-19-generic*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.131ubuntu15) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'sphinx-voxforge-hmm-en' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-gmusicbrowser' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'sgml-data' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'sphinx-voxforge-lm-en' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'libapt-pkg4.12:amd64' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
(Reading database ... 220464 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-image-3.11.0-19-generic (3.11.0-19.33) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.11.0-19-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-19-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.11.0-19-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-19-generic
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.131ubuntu15) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-39-generic
gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-39-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
然后我执行 ：dpkg -l linux-*
并看到我试图删除的内容仍然存在。如果我尝试 ，结果也是一样rm -rf。
我该怎么办？？
答案1
在启动分区中腾出空间。
删除不需要的包
sudo apt autoremove删除不需要的内核，除了最新的两个
sudo apt purge $(dpkg -l|egrep 'linux-image-[0-9]|linux-headers-[0-9]'|awk '{print $3,$2}'|grep -v `uname -r|cut -f1,2 -d"-"`|sort -nr|tail -n +4|awk '{ print $2}')sudo apt autoremove再次。
答案2
- 首先搜索问题是如何/什么/何时开始的
例如：
如果问题在安装时出现/生成 --> grub
然后，进行更新 -->
sudo update-grub
完成后：
运行--> sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get autoclear
希望这会有所帮助！