*问题已解决，请参阅下面我自己的回答。
我请求有关我的 Wifi 适配器的帮助，它在上次重启之前一直运行良好。如果我从 Live Ubuntu 驱动器或 Windows 启动，它仍然正常工作。我没有弄乱驱动程序或内核。 *这可能发生在 Windows 10 更新（双启动）之后。wifi 适配器是内部 PCIe Qualcomm Atheros AR938x。
在 Windows 10 中：我禁用了快速启动，更新了驱动程序，并在设备管理器中勾选了“允许计算机关闭此设备以节省电源”
在 BIOS 中：我已更新到最新版本并禁用了大多数安全设置
我在 Ubuntu 中运行的一些命令：
sudo lshw -C 网络
*-network NON-RÉCLAMÉ
description: Network controller
produit: AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter
fabricant: Qualcomm Atheros
identifiant matériel: 0
information bus: pci@0000:08:00.0
version: 01
bits: 64 bits
horloge: 33MHz
fonctionnalités: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration : latency=0
ressources : mémoire:ef100000-ef11ffff mémoire:ef120000-ef12ffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
produit: Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V
fabricant: Intel Corporation
identifiant matériel: 1f.6
information bus: pci@0000:00:1f.6
nom logique: enp0s31f6
version: 31
numéro de série: 1c:1b:0d:1c:f8:ad
capacité: 1Gbit/s
bits: 32 bits
horloge: 33MHz
fonctionnalités: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration : autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k firmware=0.2-4 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
ressources : irq:131 mémoire:ef200000-ef21ffff
串行通信
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 07)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 31)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Q170/Q150/B150/H170/H110/Z170/CM236 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] (rev 31)
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #17 (rev f1)
00:1b.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #19 (rev f1)
00:1b.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #20 (rev f1)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Z170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus (rev 31)
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V (rev 31)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 [GeForce GTX 1060 6GB] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP106 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
03:00.0 PCI bridge: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1083/1085 PCIe to PCI Bridge (rev 04)
08:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)
lspci-nnk
[...]
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V [8086:15b8] (rev 31)
Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V [1458:e000]
Kernel driver in use: e1000e
Kernel modules: e1000e
[...]
08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter [168c:0030] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter [168c:3112]
sudo lspci-v
[...]
08:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)
Subsystem: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
Memory at ef100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
Expansion ROM at ef120000 [disabled] [size=64K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/4 Maskable+ 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [300] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
请参阅lspci-vvnn | grep 网络
08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter [168c:0030] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Qualcomm Atheros AR93xx Wireless Network Adapter [168c:3112]
请参阅lspci-vvnn | grep -A 9 网络| grep 内核
(nothing)
sudo modprobe wl
modprobe: FATAL: Module wl not found in directory /lib/modules/5.8.0-43-generic
sudo modprobe -r ath9k
modprobe: FATAL: Module ath9k not found.
sudo modprobe -r ath5k
modprobe: FATAL: Module ath5k not found.
sudo modprobe -r ath_pci
modprobe: FATAL: Module ath_pci not found.
欢迎任何指点！Ubuntu 也不会将我的手机识别为 USB 网络共享器，因此除非我在 Windows 上启动，否则我几乎没有任何网络。
答案1
所以我的无线驱动程序不知怎么消失了。我使用 dpkg 安装以下软件包解决了我的问题：
linux-modules-5.8.0-43-generic_5.8.0-43.49~20.04.1_amd64.deb linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-43-generic_5.8.0-43.49~20.04.1_amd64.deb bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu7_amd64.deb (这个答案有帮助）
我意识到 apt 生成了一个错误，告诉我“linux-modules-extra-5.8.0-34-generic”依赖于未安装的“linux-image-5.8.0-34-generic”。一旦我恢复网络，运行 sudo apt --fix-broken install 就可以解决问题。这可能与导致我的问题有关吗？
无论如何，问题已解决