当我使用 tikzpicture 绘制以下数据时，图形看起来不太好看。代码在这里：
\begin{filecontents*}{data.dat}
X P $Q_B$ $Q_C$ $Q_D$ $Q_E$
1 A1 0.2500 0.2500 0.5000 0.5000
2 A2 0.1667 0.1250 0.5000 0.5000
3 A3 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250
4 A4 0.0833 0.0156 0.1250 0.2500
5 A5 0.0417 0.0005 0.0625 0.1667
6 A6 0.0250 0.0000 0.0313 0.1250
7 A7 0.0250 0.0002 0.0156 0.1250
8 A8 0.0125 0.0000 0.0010 0.0625
9 A9 0.1250 0.0625 0.2500 0.2500
11 A10 0.0833 0.0156 0.2500 0.2500
12 A11 0.0625 0.0039 0.2500 0.2500
13 A12 0.0417 0.0020 0.0625 0.2500
14 A13 0.0208 0.0000 0.0313 0.0833
15 A14 0.0625 0.0156 0.1250 0.1250
16 A15 0.0208 0.0002 0.0313 0.0625
17 A16 0.0078 0.0000 0.0039 0.0313
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.3}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[xscale=0.7,yscale=0.3]
\begin{axis}[
xlabel=Q Series,
ylabel=P Values,
%width=10cm,
ymajorgrids=true,
xmajorgrids=true,
grid style=dashed,
xtick=data,
xtick = {1,...,20},
ytick={0,0.1,0.2,...,0.6},
xticklabels from table={data.dat}{P},
]
\addplot [blue,thick,mark=square*] table [
x=X,
% % this worked so far, ...
% y=$Q_B$,
% ... but now we have to use this and it works
y expr=\thisrow{$Q_B$},
]{data.dat};
\addlegendentry{$Q_B$ series}
\addplot [red,thick,mark=square*] table [
x=X,
y expr=\thisrow{$Q_C$},
]{data.dat};
\addlegendentry{$Q_C$ series}
\addplot [black,dashed,thick,mark=square*] table [
x=X,
y expr=\thisrow{$Q_D$},
]{data.dat};
\addlegendentry{$Q_D$ series}
\addplot [black,dashed,thick,mark=square*] table [
x=X,
y expr=\thisrow{$Q_E$},
]{data.dat};
\addlegendentry{$Q_E$ series}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
生成如下图表：
但我需要以下清晰美观的图表：
第二张图是用 Libreoffice 生成的，如何用 Latex 生成？
答案1
与您的 MWE 相比，变化以 标记% <--。主要变化：(i) 缩放标记，(ii) 减小字体大小至\tiny，(iii) 确定图形宽度，(iV) 删除图片缩放。
\begin{filecontents*}{data.dat}
X P $Q_B$ $Q_C$ $Q_D$ $Q_E$
1 A1 0.2500 0.2500 0.5000 0.5000
2 A2 0.1667 0.1250 0.5000 0.5000
3 A3 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250
4 A4 0.0833 0.0156 0.1250 0.2500
5 A5 0.0417 0.0005 0.0625 0.1667
6 A6 0.0250 0.0000 0.0313 0.1250
7 A7 0.0250 0.0002 0.0156 0.1250
8 A8 0.0125 0.0000 0.0010 0.0625
9 A9 0.1250 0.0625 0.2500 0.2500
10 A10 0.0833 0.0156 0.2500 0.2500
11 A11 0.0625 0.0039 0.2500 0.2500
12 A12 0.0417 0.0020 0.0625 0.2500
13 A13 0.0208 0.0000 0.0313 0.0833
14 A14 0.0625 0.0156 0.1250 0.1250
15 A15 0.0208 0.0002 0.0313 0.0625
16 A16 0.0078 0.0000 0.0039 0.0313
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.3}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}%[xscale=0.7,yscale=0.3] <-- deleted
\begin{axis}[
width=0.8\linewidth, height=0.5\linewidth, % <-- added
xlabel=Q Series,
ylabel=P Values,
ymajorgrids=true,
xmajorgrids=true,
grid style=dashed,
xtick=data,
xmin=1, xmax=16, % <-- added
xtick = {1,...,16},
ytick={0,0.1,0.2,...,0.6},
xticklabels from table={data.dat}{P},
font=\tiny,% <-- added
mark options={solid, draw, scale=0.4},% <-- added
]
\addplot[blue,mark=square*] table [x=X, y expr=\thisrow{$Q_B$},
] {data.dat};
\addplot [red,mark=square*] table [x=X, y expr=\thisrow{$Q_C$},
] {data.dat};
\addplot[black,dashed,mark=square*] table [x=X,y expr=\thisrow{$Q_D$},
] {data.dat};
\addplot[black,dashed,mark=square*] table [x=X,y expr=\thisrow{$Q_E$},
] {data.dat};
\legend{$Q_B$ series, $Q_C$ series, $Q_D$ series, $Q_E$ series}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}