我发现了一个奇怪的问题，它似乎是polyglossia与german语言以及csquotes和的结合所特有的hyperref。
% XeLaTeX
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{german}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\MakeOuterQuote{"}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\begin{document}
\section{Section with "quote"}
"Quote in Text"
\section{Section with \enquote{quote}}
\enquote{Quote in Text}
\end{document}
这两种方法\enquote和"简写方法在普通文本中都可以正常工作，但在章节标题中会导致此错误（以及一些以下错误）：
! Argument of " has an extra }.
<inserted text>
\par
l.16 \section{Section with \enquote{quote}}
\setmainlanguage{english}使用 PDFLaTeX (和) 也没有问题，babel它也可以正常工作。
我的解决方法是直接使用„quotes“，但它会带走所提供的灵活性csquotes。
更新
以下 MWE 与以下文件列表仍然会重现错误。
% XeLaTeX
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{german}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\MakeOuterQuote{"}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\begin{document}
\section{Section with \enquote{quote}}
\enquote{Quote in Text}
\end{document}
*File List*
article.cls 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
size10.clo 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
polyglossia.sty 2014/05/21 v1.33.5 Babel replacement for XeLaTeX and LuaTeX
etoolbox.sty 2011/01/03 v2.1 e-TeX tools for LaTeX
etex.sty 1998/03/26 v2.0 eTeX basic definition package (PEB)
makecmds.sty 2009/09/03 v1.0a extra command making commands
xkeyval.sty 2014/05/25 v2.7 package option processing (HA)
xkeyval.tex 2014/05/25 v2.7 key=value parser (HA)
fontspec.sty 2014/06/21 v2.4a Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX
expl3.sty 2014/09/15 v5423 L3 programming layer (loader)
expl3-code.tex 2014/09/15 v5423 L3 programming layer
l3unicode-data.def 2014/08/12 v5276 L3 Unicode data
l3xdvipdfmx.def
xparse.sty 2014/09/15 v5423 L3 Experimental document command parser
fontspec-patches.sty 2014/06/21 v2.4a Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTe
X
fontspec-xetex.sty 2014/06/21 v2.4a Font selection for XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX
fontenc.sty
eu1enc.def 2010/05/27 v0.1h Experimental Unicode font encodings
eu1lmr.fd 2009/10/30 v1.6 Font defs for Latin Modern
xunicode.sty 2011/09/09 v0.981 provides access to latin accents and many oth
er characters in Unicode lower plane
eu1lmss.fd 2009/10/30 v1.6 Font defs for Latin Modern
graphicx.sty 2014/04/25 v1.0g Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
graphics.sty 2009/02/05 v1.0o Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
trig.sty 1999/03/16 v1.09 sin cos tan (DPC)
graphics.cfg 2010/04/23 v1.9 graphics configuration of TeX Live
xetex.def 2014/07/25 v4.03 LaTeX color/graphics driver for XeTeX (RRM/JK)
fontspec.cfg
ifluatex.sty 2010/03/01 v1.3 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)
ifxetex.sty 2010/09/12 v0.6 Provides ifxetex conditional
gloss-german.ldf polyglossia: module for german
babelsh.def 2013/04/30 Babel common definitions for shorthands
Taken verbatim from babel.def (2013/04/15 v3.9e)
csquotes.sty 2011/10/22 v5.1d context-sensitive quotations
csquotes.def 2011/10/22 v5.1d csquotes generic definitions
csquotes.cfg
hyperref.sty 2012/11/06 v6.83m Hypertext links for LaTeX
hobsub-hyperref.sty 2012/05/28 v1.13 Bundle oberdiek, subset hyperref (HO)
hobsub-generic.sty 2012/05/28 v1.13 Bundle oberdiek, subset generic (HO)
hobsub.sty 2012/05/28 v1.13 Construct package bundles (HO)
infwarerr.sty 2010/04/08 v1.3 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
ltxcmds.sty 2011/11/09 v1.22 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
ifvtex.sty 2010/03/01 v1.5 Detect VTeX and its facilities (HO)
intcalc.sty 2007/09/27 v1.1 Expandable calculations with integers (HO)
ifpdf.sty 2011/01/30 v2.3 Provides the ifpdf switch (HO)
etexcmds.sty 2011/02/16 v1.5 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
kvsetkeys.sty 2012/04/25 v1.16 Key value parser (HO)
kvdefinekeys.sty 2011/04/07 v1.3 Define keys (HO)
pdftexcmds.sty 2011/11/29 v0.20 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO)
pdfescape.sty 2011/11/25 v1.13 Implements pdfTeX's escape features (HO)
bigintcalc.sty 2012/04/08 v1.3 Expandable calculations on big integers (HO)
bitset.sty 2011/01/30 v1.1 Handle bit-vector datatype (HO)
uniquecounter.sty 2011/01/30 v1.2 Provide unlimited unique counter (HO)
letltxmacro.sty 2010/09/02 v1.4 Let assignment for LaTeX macros (HO)
hopatch.sty 2012/05/28 v1.2 Wrapper for package hooks (HO)
xcolor-patch.sty 2011/01/30 xcolor patch
atveryend.sty 2011/06/30 v1.8 Hooks at the very end of document (HO)
atbegshi.sty 2011/10/05 v1.16 At begin shipout hook (HO)
refcount.sty 2011/10/16 v3.4 Data extraction from label references (HO)
hycolor.sty 2011/01/30 v1.7 Color options for hyperref/bookmark (HO)
auxhook.sty 2011/03/04 v1.3 Hooks for auxiliary files (HO)
kvoptions.sty 2011/06/30 v3.11 Key value format for package options (HO)
pd1enc.def 2012/11/06 v6.83m Hyperref: PDFDocEncoding definition (HO)
hyperref.cfg 2002/06/06 v1.2 hyperref configuration of TeXLive
url.sty 2013/09/16 ver 3.4 Verb mode for urls, etc.
hxetex.def 2012/11/06 v6.83m Hyperref driver for XeTeX
puenc.def 2012/11/06 v6.83m Hyperref: PDF Unicode definition (HO)
stringenc.sty 2011/12/02 v1.10 Convert strings between diff. encodings (HO)
rerunfilecheck.sty 2011/04/15 v1.7 Rerun checks for auxiliary files (HO)
t3cmr.fd 2001/12/31 TIPA font definitions
nameref.sty 2012/10/27 v2.43 Cross-referencing by name of section
gettitlestring.sty 2010/12/03 v1.4 Cleanup title references (HO)
csquotes-section.out
csquotes-section.out
se-ascii-print.def 2011/12/02 v1.10 stringenc: Printable ASCII characters
***********
答案1
使用的引用机制与德国人设置的"Babel 简写相冲突。实际上，这也发生在和 上，其中用于引用的 会毫无警告地终止简写。polyglossiapdflatexbabel"babel
因此，不推荐使用babel或 来使用该方法polyglossia。
如果你真的不需要简写，那就这样做
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{german}
\shorthandoff{"}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\MakeOuterQuote{"}