设置流程图中的背景颜色

Question

我按照以下方式创建了一个流程图

\tikzstyle{steps} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=3cm, draw=black, fill=gray!50]
    \tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=2cm, text centered, text width=4cm, draw=black, fill=white]
    \definecolor{arrowblue}{RGB}{98,145,224}



\newcommand\ImageNode[3][]{
    \node[draw=arrowblue!80!black,linewidth=1pt,#1](#2){\includegraphics[width=1.5cm,height=1.5cm]{#3}};
}

\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2cm]
\node (step1) [steps] {Step 1};
\node (step2) [steps, right of=step1, xshift=3cm]{Step 2};
\node (step3) [steps, right of=step2, xshift=3cm]{Step 3};
\node (process1) [process, below of=step1] {text text};
\node (process2) [process, right of=process1, xshift=3cm] {text text
    text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text};
\node (process3) [process, right of=process2, xshift=3cm] {text text text};
\end{tikzpicture}

我想为步骤 1、步骤 2 和步骤 3 添加红色渐变的背景颜色。我不确定如何执行此操作，因为当前设置中未将步骤 1、步骤 2 和步骤 3 指定为列。

关于如何做到这一点的任何建议都将非常有用。

编辑：我正在寻找一种方法来创建列并填充给定列中节点的背景颜色。我不想给节点上色。我希望步骤 1 中的框位于列 1、步骤 2-列 2 和步骤 3-列 3 中

编辑 2：我发现流程图周围有额外的方框，我不确定为什么会出现这种情况。任何关于如何删除这些线条的建议都将非常有帮助。

编辑 3：我已将 decision/.style = {diamond, minimum height=1cm, draw=black, fill=white, inner sep=2mm} 添加到下面提供的解决方案中

列高不均匀。我找不到设置maximum height样式的选项。关于如何设置统一列高的建议将非常有用。

Answer 1

像这样？

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning}

\begin{document} 
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
 node distance = 4mm and 4mm,
   base/.style = {rectangle, draw, align=center}, 
  steps/.style = {base, rounded corners, fill=gray!50, 
                  minimum height=1cm, text width=3cm},
process/.style = {base,
                  minimum height=2cm, text width=4cm, fill=white}
                  ]
\node (process1) [process]                      {text text};
\node (process2) [process, right=of process1]   {text text
    text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text};
\node (process3) [process, right=of process2]   {text text text};
\node (step1) [steps, above=of process1]                   {Step 1};
\node (step2) [steps, above=of process2]   {Step 2};
\node (step3) [steps, above=of process3]   {Step 3};
%
\scoped[on background layer]
{
\node[fit=(step1) (process1), fill=red!20] {};
\node[fit=(step2) (process2), fill=red!40] {};
\node[fit=(step3) (process3), fill=red!60] {};
}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

附录：如果您使用article字体大小为 12 pt 的文档类，则需要在上述建议的解决方案中进行以下更改：替换\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}为

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

并减少节点的宽度（否则会突出右文本边框）。

在此更改时，您可以稍微改进图像代码，如以下 MWE 中所做的那样：

\documentclass[12pt]{article}   % changed
\usepackage{tikz}               % added
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning}

\begin{document} 
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 4mm and 5mm,
    base/.style = {rectangle, draw, inner sep=2mm, align=center}, 
   steps/.style = {base, rounded corners, fill=gray!50, 
                   minimum height=1cm, text width=24mm},    % changed
 process/.style = {base,
                   minimum height=3cm, text width=34mm,     % changed 
                   fill=white},
FIT/.style args = {#1/#2}{base, draw=none, fit=#1, fill=#2} % added
                  ]
\node (process1) [process]                      {text text};
\node (process2) [process, right=of process1]   {text text
    text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text};
\node (process3) [process, right=of process2]   {text text text};
\node (step1) [steps, above=of process1]                   {Step 1};
\node (step2) [steps, above=of process2]   {Step 2};
\node (step3) [steps, above=of process3]   {Step 3};
%
\scoped[on background layer]
{
\node[FIT=(step1) (process1)/red!20] {};
\node[FIT=(step2) (process2)/red!40] {};
\node[FIT=(step3) (process3)/red!60] {};
}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

现在的结果（在我看来）更好一些:-)：

Answer 2

背景颜色由选项决定fill=。将其从流程样式中取出，并分别放入每个节点中。

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzstyle{steps} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=3cm, draw=black, fill=gray!50]
    \tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=2cm, text centered, text width=4cm, draw=black]
    \definecolor{arrowblue}{RGB}{98,145,224}



\newcommand\ImageNode[3][]{
    \node[draw=arrowblue!80!black,linewidth=1pt,#1](#2){\includegraphics[width=1.5cm,height=1.5cm]{#3}};
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2cm]
\node (step1) [steps] {Step 1};
\node (step2) [steps, right of=step1, xshift=3cm]{Step 2};
\node (step3) [steps, right of=step2, xshift=3cm]{Step 3};
\node (process1) [fill=red!10, process, below of=step1] {text text};
\node (process2) [fill=red!30, process, right of=process1, xshift=3cm] {text text
    text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text text};
\node (process3) [fill=red!90, process, right of=process2, xshift=3cm] {text text text};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}